On October 1, 2024, China celebrated the 75th anniversary of its founding. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established on October 1, 1949, marking the beginning of an extraordinary journey that has transformed the nation from a war-torn country into a global superpower. This remarkable journey can be divided into three major eras, each marked by visionary leadership, bold reforms, and China’s relentless pursuit of progress.

The First Era (1949-1978): The Foundations of a Socialist Nation

The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949 under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong. In the first three decades following its liberation, the nation underwent significant political and social reforms. Chairman Mao united a vast and diverse country under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), establishing a government that upheld socialist principles and sought to create an egalitarian society.

One of the key accomplishments of this era was the creation of a classless society where all citizens enjoyed equal rights and protection under the law. Chairman Mao’s policies aimed to eliminate feudalism, capitalism, and foreign influence while building a society based on socialist ideology. During this period, China laid the foundation for its current political structure, with the CPC firmly at the helm of the country’s leadership. The first Constitution of China was adopted in 1954, which guaranteed equal rights to all citizens and ensured social welfare and protection for the working class.

Mao’s leadership was also instrumental in implementing economic reforms that established the country’s basic socialist economy. While the focus of this era was on political stability and unity, significant progress was made in industrialization, healthcare, and education. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were key initiatives aimed at reshaping the country’s social and economic fabric. Although these policies faced challenges, yet they solidified China’s transition toward a socialist model, uniting a diverse population under the principles of equality and collective progress.

The Second Era (1978-2013): Reform, Opening Up, and Economic Growth

The second phase of China’s journey began in 1978 under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. This era marked a dramatic shift from political reforms to economic development. Deng Xiaoping introduced the policy of “Reform and Opening Up,” which revolutionized China’s economy and legal system. The reforms prioritized modernization, economic liberalization, and integration with the global economy.

One of the most significant milestones during this period was China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. By joining the global trade system, China rapidly expanded its exports and attracted foreign investment, which fueled its economic growth. During this era, China transformed into the world’s manufacturing hub, producing goods that ranged from electronics to textiles, and earned its place as the “factory of the world.”

The reforms led to unprecedented economic growth, and by 2010, China had surpassed Japan to become the world’s second-largest economy. Economic reforms during this period allowed millions of Chinese citizens to rise out of poverty, and cities like Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou became symbols of China’s rapid modernization. The introduction of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) further accelerated growth by encouraging foreign investment and technology transfer.

While Deng’s reforms were primarily economic, they also brought legal and institutional reforms. The introduction of property rights and the restructuring of state-owned enterprises were crucial steps in transforming China into a market-oriented economy. By the end of this era, China had not only become an economic powerhouse but also established itself as a major player in global trade and diplomacy.

The Third Era (2013-Present): China’s Rise as a Global Power

Since 2013, under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, China has embarked on its third phase of development, solidifying its position as a global power. President Xi, who also serves as General Secretary of the CPC and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, has overseen the transformation of China into not just an economic giant but also a political and military powerhouse.

President Xi’s leadership has focused on strengthening China’s global standing. His vision of the “Chinese Dream” emphasizes national rejuvenation, technological advancement, and military modernization. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), launched in 2013, is one of the most ambitious infrastructure projects in history, aiming to enhance global connectivity through investments in roads, ports, and railways across Asia, Africa, and Europe. More than 140 countries have joined the initiative, reflecting China’s growing influence in global development.

In the military domain, China’s advancements are remarkable. The modernization of its armed forces and the development of cutting-edge technologies like AI, 5G, and quantum computing have positioned China as a global leader in innovation and defense.

China’s soft power has also grown exponentially. Through diplomatic efforts, cultural exchanges, and initiatives such as Confucius Institutes, China has projected a positive image across the world, especially in developing nations. Many countries now view China as a model for development, particularly in sectors like infrastructure, technology, and poverty alleviation.

China-Pakistan Relations: A Historic Partnership

China’s 75-year journey would be incomplete without mentioning its special relationship with Pakistan. The two countries enjoy a time-tested friendship rooted in mutual respect and cooperation. Pakistan was one of the first countries to recognize the People’s Republic of China and has played a crucial role in China’s rise on the global stage.

In the 1950s, when the United States imposed an economic blockade on China, Pakistan stood by its neighbor, providing diplomatic and economic support. Pakistan also played a pivotal role in bridging relations between China and the US, facilitating the historic visit of US President Richard Nixon to China in 1972. This visit opened the door for China to engage with the West, eventually leading to its integration into the global economy.

Pakistan’s support for China in securing its seat in the United Nations in 1971 was another milestone in their diplomatic relations. Over the years, the China-Pakistan relationship has evolved into an “all-weather” partnership, symbolized by the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative. CPEC has not only transformed Pakistan’s infrastructure but also deepened economic ties between the two countries.

The Way Forward: A Shared Vision for Global Prosperity

As China celebrates its 75th National Day, the future looks brighter than ever. The country’s journey from political unification under Chairman Mao to economic reforms under Deng Xiaoping, and now its rise as a global leader under President Xi, has been nothing short of remarkable.

The road ahead promises even greater achievements. With continued investments in technology, infrastructure, and military modernization, China is well-positioned to lead in the 21st century. Developing nations look to China for leadership and cooperation, and its role in fostering global connectivity through initiatives like the Belt and Road will be pivotal in shaping the future of global trade and development.

As a close friend and strategic partner, Pakistan will continue to support China’s growth and prosperity. The two nations share a vision of regional stability, economic development, and global cooperation. Their joint efforts, particularly through CPEC and BRI, will not only benefit their own people but also contribute to the development of the entire region.

Well wishes

China’s 75th anniversary is a celebration of resilience, vision, and progress. From the early days of political unification to its current status as a global leader, China’s journey serves as an inspiration to the world. With a focus on innovation, diplomacy, and development, China is poised to continue its rise and play a central role in shaping the future of the global community.

As China and Pakistan continue to strengthen their partnership, the prospects for regional and global cooperation look bright, and both countries can look forward to a future of shared prosperity and progress.

Availing this opportunity, we extend congratulations to our Chinese brothers and sisters a very happy National Day.